Theory and problem solving on the following topics:

• Types of intermolecular interactions in biochemistry (i.e. ionic and dipole interactions)
• The hydrophobic effect
• Three thermodynamic parameters: ∆H, ∆S and ∆G
• ∆G and equilibrium constants (Keq) of biochemical reactions
• Composition and structure of DNA and RNA nucleic acids
• Three conformations of nucleic acids
• Drawing oligomers of DNA and RNA
• Mechanism for the formation of a phosphodiester bond
• Identifying nucleic acid base pairing and tautomers
• Understand how to assess amino acid stereochemistry
• Switch between line structure and Fisher projection for sugars
• Learn the mechanism for the formation of a amide bond
• Review 20 natural amino acids and their pKas
• Amino acid charge at various pH and its isoelectric point (pI) values
• Sugar stereochemistry (i.e. D/L sugars, enantiomers, diastereomers, epimers)
• Structural difference between Ribose, Glucose, Mannose and Galactose and Fructose
• The concept of mutarotation about the anomeric carbon
• Learn to convert between Fisher projections, Haworth projection and line structures
• Sugar function in a cellular context
• Review Session will cover past TEST #2 questions from previous years!